The relationship between JCOP, Java Card version, and Global Platform

Certainly. Let's break down the relationship between JCOP, Java Card, and Global Platform, as these are all related but distinct concepts in the world of smart card technology: 

1. Java Card: - A technology that allows Java-based applications (applets) to run on smart cards and other resource-constrained devices. - Defines a subset of the Java programming language for smart cards. - Current version: Java Card 3.2 (as of 2024) - Provides the runtime environment and APIs for smart card applications. 

2. JCOP (Java Card OpenPlatform): - An operating system for smart cards developed by NXP Semiconductors. - Based on Java Card technology. - Implements Java Card specifications and Global Platform specifications. - Current version: JCOP 4.X (as of 2024) - Provides additional proprietary features and optimizations beyond standard Java Card. 

3. Global Platform: - An organization that publishes specifications for secure element management. - Defines standards for loading, installing, and managing applications on secure elements. - Current version: Global Platform 2.3.1 (as of 2024) - Covers areas like card content management, secure channel protocols, and contactless services. 

Relationship: - JCOP implements both Java Card and Global Platform specifications. - Java Card provides the application runtime environment. - Global Platform provides the card and application management framework. 

Version Compatibility: - A JCOP version typically supports specific versions of Java Card and Global Platform. - For example, JCOP 4 supports Java Card 3.0.4 and Global Platform 2.2.1 and 2.3. 

Key Differences: - Java Card is about the programming model and runtime environment. - JCOP is a specific implementation of Java Card with additional features. - Global Platform focuses on security, card management, and interoperability standards. 

When working with smart cards, you'll often need to consider all three: - Use Java Card for application development. - Consider JCOP features if using NXP cards. - Follow Global Platform standards for card management and security. 

Both the Common Criteria portal site and GlobalPlatform documentation reference the existence of JCOP 5.X. However, as of now, there appear to be no commercially available products implementing this version of JCOP on the market.

https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javacard/3.2/