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1. EMV (Europay, Mastercard, and Visa):  - Primary use: Payment cards (credit and debit cards)  - Features:  - Secure storage of cardholder data  - Cryptographic proces … read more

JCOP (Java Card OpenPlatform) was originally developed by IBM, but it has been exclusively licensed to and further developed by NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips Semiconductors) for many years. How … read more

For interacting with PIV smartcards on a Linux system, there are several APIs and tools available. Here's an overview of some common options: 1. PKCS#11: - Standard cryptographic token interf … read more

Smart cards use various interfaces for communication, with some being more common than others. Let's break down these interfaces: 1. ISO/IEC 7816: This is the primary standard for smart cards … read more

The technical specifications of PIV smartcards: 1. Chip Technology: - Contains a microprocessor chip, typically with at least 64KB of memory - Supports various cryptographic algorithms in … read more